Current advances in stem cell sources and therapies: a review of ongoing clinical investigations

Abstract

The ability of stem cells to self-renew and specialize into distinct cell lineages is very amazing. They have been thoroughly researched and used in regenerative and repair therapy throughout the last few decades. They can give rise to any cell in an embryo as well as extra-embryonic tissues, depending on their capacity for differentiation. Amniotic fluid, bone marrow, and-more recently discovered-menstrual blood and adipose tissue are among the tissues from which stem cells can be obtained. With the first bone marrow transplant, they played a pioneer role in medicine. Today, stem cell therapies are recommended for a variety of clinical problems, going beyond their conventional uses to treat genetic blood abnormalities, where they have demonstrated notable efficacy. New applications for stem cells include the treatment of neurological illnesses like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's as well as pain management. By regenerating injured neurons, stem cells may provide hope in situations of neurodegeneration. The clinical studies on the therapeutic effects and different sources of stem cell extraction are highlighted in this review, which lays the groundwork for further clinical research.