A review on addressing antimicrobial resistance: rational use and prescribing practices in focus
Abstract
The irrational and widespread use of antimicrobial drugs, particularly antibiotics, is a significant contributor to the global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in developing nations like India. Antibiotics, though essential in treating bacterial infections, are frequently overprescribed, often for viral illnesses such as colds or flu, leading to ineffective treatment, higher healthcare costs, and increased resistance. Understanding prescribing patterns is crucial for promoting rational use, optimizing patient outcomes, and preventing resistance development. In India, inappropriate antibiotic use is notably high across various sectors, including primary care and dentistry. Vulnerable populations—such as critically ill, pediatric, and geriatric patients—require individualized dosing due to altered pharmacokinetics and increased risks of adverse effects. Non-adherence by patients, driven by inadequate communication and lack of understanding, further exacerbates the issue. National treatment guidelines have been introduced to guide appropriate antibiotic use, yet implementation remains limited. Evaluating prescription practices through drug utilization studies and applying pharmacoeconomic tools like cost-minimization analysis can support rational drug choices and resource allocation. Enhanced diagnostic techniques and improved provider-patient communication are vital strategies to curb resistance. Without immediate and sustained interventions, AMR threatens to compromise modern medicine’s ability to treat infections effectively, making it imperative to strengthen antimicrobial prescribing practices globally.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antibiotic Overprescription, Rational Drug Use, Prescription Practices, Pharmacoeconomic Analysis, Provider-Patient CommunicationDOI
https://doi.org/10.70604/References
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