SELECTIVE HEAVY METAL UPTAKE AND TOLERANCE MECHANISMS IN BRASSICA NIGRA: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE PHYTOREMEDIATION
Abstract
Heavy metal environmental contamination is a pressing global concern, as buildup in soils and water presents substantial threats to human and ecological health. This study examines the phytoremediation capability of Brassica nigra for the extraction of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo) from polluted soils. B. nigra seeds were grown under controlled conditions in soils artificially contaminated with Fe, Zn, or Mo, and their physiological and anatomical responses were assessed. Atomic absorption spectroscopy indicated considerable absorption of Fe, Zn, and Mo by B. nigra, accompanied by notable decreases in soil metal concentrations and matching increases in plant tissues. Physiological studies revealed increased activity of polyphenolics, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in metal-treated plants, indicating strong antioxidant responses. Anatomical studies revealed metal-specific modifications in vascular tissue diameter and stomatal dimensions, with exposure to Fe and Mo significantly decreasing vascular diameter and stomatal width. These findings emphasize the selective and efficient metal absorption of B. nigra and underscore its ability to endure and accumulate heavy metals. The findings endorse B. nigra as a viable option for sustainable phytoremediation in heavy metal-contaminated settings.
Keywords:
Heavy metals, soil contamination, Brassica nigra, phytoremediation, antioxidant enzymesDOI
https://doi.org/10.70604/References
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